TECHNOLOGY
Technology
High pressure homogenization process pumps are able to deliver 100-300 MPa hydrostatic pressure to a liquid before any restriction to flow is imposed, regardless of the flow rate. Current industrial, pilot, and lab-scale high pressure homogenizers are equipped with plunger-like pumps and valves, or nozzles, or chambers made from abrasion-resistant ceramics or hard gemstones. There are mainly three traits that characterize effective homogenization: cavitation (FIG. A), impact (FIG. B), and shear. The valves, nozzles, or chambers possess one or a combination of these traits. (Adapted from http://web.utk.edu/~fede/high pressure homogenization.html)
 
Selection Guide for Chamber Types

 
Type of Chamber Cavitation Nozzle (FIG. A) Impact Valve (FIG. B) Y-Type Chamber (FIG. C)
Application High viscosity liquid,
suspension or paste		 Food, Beverage Pharmaceutical Emulsion,
Nanoparticles
Advantage Old Style Use for Food High Efficay


Genizer Y type Diamond Interaction Chamber

 













Three-Types Homogenizing Mechanism in History
 
The Y-Type Interaction Chamber (FIG. C), regarded as one of the most powerful chambers to date, has been used by several manufacturers, including Microfluidics (Y-Type Interaction Chamber), Avestin (Static Homogenizing Valve) and Nanomizer (Collision-Type Generator). In these systems, the flow stream is split into two channels that are redirected over the same plane at right angles and propelled into a single flow stream. High pressure promotes a high speed at the crossover of the two flows, which results in high shear, turbulence, and cavitation over the single outbound flow stream.

The Y-Type Chamber is generally made of two blocks of diamond or ceramic with a very small opening (nozzle) of Φ50~400μm. Two block-forming members are first ground and lapped to be optically flat, and then grooves corresponding to the desired sizes and shapes are etched into the face of each block in a precisely aligned manner.Homogenization energy is concentrated at the collision point where the liquid streams collide in the internal drain. (Adapted from www.nanomizer.co.jp)

Y-Type Chamber made by two blocks of optically flat disk

Y-Type Chamber made by two blocks of optically flat disk
 
The Y-Type Interaction Chamber (FIG. C), regarded as one of the most powerful chambers to date, has been used by several manufacturers, including Microfluidics (Y-Type Interaction Chamber), Avestin (Static Homogenizing Valve) and Nanomizer (Collision-Type Generator). In these systems, the flow stream is split into two channels that are redirected over the same plane at right angles and propelled into a single flow stream. High pressure promotes a high speed at the crossover of the two flows, which results in high shear, turbulence, and cavitation over the single outbound flow stream.

The Y-Type Chamber is generally made of two blocks of diamond or ceramic with a very small opening (nozzle) of Φ50~400μm. Two block-forming members are first ground and lapped to be optically flat, and then grooves corresponding to the desired sizes and shapes are etched into the face of each block in a precisely aligned manner.Homogenization energy is concentrated at the collision point where the liquid streams collide in the internal drain. (Adapted from www.nanomizer.co.jp)
 
PRESSURE AND CHAMBER SELECTION FOR VARIOUS APPLICATIONS with NANOGENIZER

 
Cells Mammalian cell
 Insect cell Bacteria cell Yeast cell Algae cell SPore
Sample CHO|Hela Sf9|Sf21|H5 E. Coli   Yeast Green algaea Ganoderma
Pressure 600-800bar   8500-11500psi 600-1000bar 8500-14500psi 800-1000bar 11500-14500psi 1200-1400bar 17500-20000psi 1200-1500bar 7500-21500psi 1300-1600bar 18500-23000psi
Chamber F20Y, F20Y-RT F20Y, F20Y-RT F20Y, F20Y-RT F20Y, F12Y F20Y, F12Y F20Y, F12Y











 
Emulsions Oil in water emulsions
 Water in oil emulsions Oil emulsion Food Liposome (o/w) Liposome (w/o)
Sample Fat emulsion| Prostaglandin Cosmetics Dimethicone|Fuel Milk Doxorubicin DNA|lipopolyplex
Pressure ~20,000psi ~10,000psi ~20,000psi ~10,000psi ~20,000psi ~8,000psi
Chamber F20Y, F12Y F20Y F20Y, F12Y F20Y F20Y, F12Y F20Y















 
Dispersions Pigments
 Drugs/Creams Battery Particle aggregation Graphene Nanotubes
Sample Inks, Coatings Norfloxacin, Isoxyl Lithium/Solar cell Nano fibril Graphene Carbon Nanotubes
Pressure ~20,000psi ~20,000psi ~20,000psi ~25,000psi ~50,000psi
(single layer)		 >20,000psi
Chamber F20Y, F12Y F20Y, F12Y F20Y, F12Y F20Y, F12Y F20Y, F12Y F20Y, F12Y